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| RAZA ALI HASAN From 67 mogul miniatures These poems are inspired by Mohammad Iqbal’s two part sequence of Urdu poems called Shikwa (Complaint) and Jawab-e-Shikwa (Answer to Complaint), published in 1909 and 1913. The first part is a formal complaint to God and the second part is God’s answer. This sequence provided Iqbal with a framework through which he critiqued the relationship between the West and the colonized world. I adapt Iqbal’s traditional Urdu poetic form of musaddas (a short poetic unit consisting of three rhyming couplets) to a free verse poem with three unrhyming couplets. My variation of Iqbal’s poem called 67 mogul miniatures loosely follows the narrative arc of the original sequence and transforms his vision for the contemporary world.
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